Absenteeism in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Absenteeism in the Workplace - Essay Example This is a global phenomenon; however there is no consistent definition for absenteeism. In a general context absenteeism covers non-attendance at work where work attendance is scheduled. This includes sickness absence leave; various special leaves, such as bereavement leave; and may also include time lost through industrial disputes. Workplace attendance and absenteeism are crucial to the industry oriented society. There is loss not only in terms of productivity and economy, but also in terms of credibility and confidence of the employees. Excessive absenteeism also places additional pressure on employers and workers especially at critically important times. The causes for absenteeism are varied and are much dependent on the person taking leave. They can vary from taking off for illness when in reality they are not ill at all to excuses like friend’s accident, death in family etc. There have been incidents where doctors have not only been pleaded with, but also abused and threatened to sign false medical certificates.

Poem Comparing Essay Example for Free

Poem Comparing Essay Good evening Mr. Georges and fellow classmates, I have researched about 2 poems and made a comparison between the two. I’m here today to talk to you about them and see what you think at the end of the speech. The two poems I researched were (on the sea, author John Keats) and (sea fever, author John Masefield). as you can see from the title of the poems that they are bot about the sea but don’t be confused, they’re both completely different stories. Both of these poems talk about the sea, they are both referring to the sea as a human and identifying it in a human characteristic kind of way. As we can see along the sonnet (on the sea), the author uses terms as uproar rude, mighty swell, caverns, and vexed, desolate shores. He also mentions The Greco-Roman goddess Hecate associated with magic and the wild. This is referring to the sea and how ruthless it can be. This poem deals with nature, focusing on its wild and violent side. This poem also reflects on human actions. The poem is comparing the nature with the human being, because we can also get wild and violent. It seems a criticism of the alienation of the human being -above all when living and working in big cities. So the author may be calling our attention – the speaker of the poem addresses to us (Oh ye!) -And giving us a piece of advice- not to underestimate nature. John Masefields poem Sea Fever is a work of art that brings beauty to the English language through its use of rhythm, imagery and many complex figures of speech. The imagery in Sea Fever suggests an adventurous ocean that appeals to all five senses. Along with an adventurous ocean, Sea Fever also sets a mood of freedom through imagery of traveling gypsies. These poems both use a rhythmic tone in their stanzas. In the sonnet â€Å"sea fever† lines 3 and four, it uses rhythmic language, these lines say â€Å"And the wheel’s kick and the wind’s song and the white sail’s shaking, And a grey mist on the sea’s face, and a grey dawn breaking† These are just two lines in the poem but if you actually read the poem you can see examples of rhyme throughout the whole poem. In the sonnet â€Å"On the sea† examples of rhythmic language can be found in the lines 4 and 5, these lines say â€Å"Of Hecate leaves them their old shadowy sound, Often tis in such gentle temper found† and as in the first sonnet, this sonnet also has rhythmic language throughout the whole poem. These poems also have their differences; they each talk about the sea but in a different perception. The sonnet, (on the sea), talks about the sea and how angry it can be, it is comparing the sea with human actions and is warning the humans to be careful of the nature. It talks about the Greco-Roman goddess Hecate associated with magic and the wild. I wonder if the author is referring to something that happened to his life that made him so angry to write this poem, what do you think it could be? The Author uses language techniques like Personification, Capitalisation and rhyme. He personifies the Sea in line 5 by saying it has a gentle temper. The author uses capitalization for the word †Sea† which makes me believe that he was trying to make the subject of the poem a human. â€Å"He uses Rhyme throughout the whole poem and it does make the poem seem more interesting to read. The sonnet (sea fever) is completely opposite to the sonnet (on the sea) because sea fever talks about the sea but it talks about a sailor and how he just can’t wait to get on a ship and sail into the sea. This poem talks about a sailor who is very excited to go out to sea, he wants adventure, and he wants a wild journey into the ocean living the vagrant gypsy life. The author refers to the sea as a home to this sailor unlike the sonnet (on the sea) which refers to the sea as a wild, dangerous and ruthless place. The author uses language techniques like Metaphors, emotive language and Repetition. Examples of Metaphors used in this poem are (sea and the sky) line 1, (star to steer) line 2, (and gulls way and the whales way where the winds like a whetted knife) line 10. Examples of Emotive language used in this poem are (to the lonely sea and the sky) line 1 (and the sea gulls crying) line 8. An example of repletion is that he starts every stanza with the sentence (I must go down to the seas again). So in conclusion these poems are similar but different in many ways, and like me and you each of them has their ups and downs. They both talk about the sea but each in a different perception. Thanks for listening to my speech and I hope you gained a little information from me today.

Problems With Looking ?un Neat? On The Playing Field :: essays research papers

Problems with looking â€Å"un neat† on the playing field   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a sophomore on the Cocoa High’s Varsity girl soccer team, I can truly say that our appearance on the field looks revolting as a whole. It simply ruins our reputation, even before we compete. Everyone, even our own school assumed that we have little or no chance winning the game. We get no support at all. That really upset my team and me. Joking around about out school record can go but too far. Yes it’s true that we don’t have a strong girl soccer record. But we are willing to change that. And we are showing a lot of progress as years goes by. But you got to remember this group of girls works their butts off to even show up for game. You have to give us a lot of credit just for attempting. We sacrifice our time and strength to play these games. We work awfully hard at every single game. Just because we don’t go home winning the game, doesn’t mean we are losers. It just means, we have a lot of work to progress our soccer abilit y. To start with, without us group of girls, Cocoa High wouldn’t even have a girl soccer program. And if the school doesn’t have it, it also means the boy soccer team wouldn’t exist either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I sit on the stands watching the Junior Varsity play against other school’s Junior Varsity team, the first thing I notice, is how we present ourselves. At the most, other school’s has greater a mount of players, at least twice as more then us. We barely made it to where we can start the game. With no substitution, its just mean, â€Å"don’t get hurt† during the game. And when you’re playing aggressively, like you’re suppose to, you will have greater chance of getting injured. Which cause the Cocoa Tiger to become weaker then it already is. I know it’s not fair that we have to suffer, which most girls drop out of the team. And I know a lot of other girls would like it too, but they don’t want other school’s to start talking some more about us. Also, lots of us like the sport, and want to continue competing. Problems With Looking ?un Neat? On The Playing Field :: essays research papers Problems with looking â€Å"un neat† on the playing field   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a sophomore on the Cocoa High’s Varsity girl soccer team, I can truly say that our appearance on the field looks revolting as a whole. It simply ruins our reputation, even before we compete. Everyone, even our own school assumed that we have little or no chance winning the game. We get no support at all. That really upset my team and me. Joking around about out school record can go but too far. Yes it’s true that we don’t have a strong girl soccer record. But we are willing to change that. And we are showing a lot of progress as years goes by. But you got to remember this group of girls works their butts off to even show up for game. You have to give us a lot of credit just for attempting. We sacrifice our time and strength to play these games. We work awfully hard at every single game. Just because we don’t go home winning the game, doesn’t mean we are losers. It just means, we have a lot of work to progress our soccer abilit y. To start with, without us group of girls, Cocoa High wouldn’t even have a girl soccer program. And if the school doesn’t have it, it also means the boy soccer team wouldn’t exist either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I sit on the stands watching the Junior Varsity play against other school’s Junior Varsity team, the first thing I notice, is how we present ourselves. At the most, other school’s has greater a mount of players, at least twice as more then us. We barely made it to where we can start the game. With no substitution, its just mean, â€Å"don’t get hurt† during the game. And when you’re playing aggressively, like you’re suppose to, you will have greater chance of getting injured. Which cause the Cocoa Tiger to become weaker then it already is. I know it’s not fair that we have to suffer, which most girls drop out of the team. And I know a lot of other girls would like it too, but they don’t want other school’s to start talking some more about us. Also, lots of us like the sport, and want to continue competing.

How to have a relationship Essay

A relationship is a way of connecting. The connection could be between people or objects. Listening to my grandmother talk about relationships helped me understand how things have completely changed over times. My grandmother stated that relationships where more valued back then and people stayed together for all the right reasons. She informed me that when you loved someone you loved them like no other. When it came to marriage they lasted longer than they do now. Having a relationship with someone was the thing to do. At one time relationships actually had meaning people were with each other because they loved them. This showed me the commitment part of relationships, when people actually stayed faithful to the person they were with. Nowadays men and woman say I love you just for the fun of it. But be honest everyone you know or knew either ant’s a relationship, has a relationship or has played a role in one either as the main lover or the sideline. Relationships are complicated, complex commitments that we take seriously or play around with like a rag doll. Serious relationships start from the mind knowing what it is that you want how you want it and how you’re going to get it is the first step in committing to a relationship. Yes commitment can be very hard to do. Especially when were accustomed to doing things our own way; without having to answer to someone else. Understanding the person you are trying to commit to is a good way to start a serious relationship. It is important to gather as much information as possible and take as much time as needed to ensure that you know the person that you are in a relationship with. Taking the steps and looking at past relationships can help you understand if the relationship might be what you are looking for in life. It is true that no matter how long you have known a person you may never truly know who that person really is. It is also important to know what we want before committing ourselves in. Whether that relationship is a marriage or just a boyfriend/ girlfriend committing to someone should begin with feelings being involved. Relationships become complicated when you have disagreements, other people etc. I feel that it takes two to make a relationship work and if both parties are not commented then it will never work. It’s like the eighty-twenty rule which explains that one person is giving there all and all and the other person only gives what is necessary at that time. How can a relationship work if both parties are not on the same level and are not committed to each other? Complicating in relationships come from problems that we cause ourselves, from not committing or giving our all to the relationship. As for myself I’ve had a few relationships in my day. Some good ones and then some that I would give anything to take back and wish that I had never committed myself to. Not saying that you would have the same outcome as I did but just make sure that the love is real. If we go into a relationship knowing that we are not there for a long time then it makes the relationship less complicated. In these type situations just make sure that you inform the person with how you feel before going into the relationship. It is important to have a clean understanding of what each party wants. Having false feelings in a relationship can be the most hurtful thing when you actually find out so therefore try to avoid coming into these situations. Communication is a huge part of a serious successful relationship. Communicating with your partner is a very good stress reliever and understanding method. Having communication builds trust and loyalty, which are two other things that are very important in a relationship. When a person is in a relationship they expect their partner to be understanding, have good listening skills and be there when they need you. Sometimes it’s just best to sit back and listen to what the other person had to say. You never know what you might learn about your partner if you just listen. Always remember to keep the lines of communication open throughout the relationship. For me, I think that one of my biggest downfalls in previous relationships is the lack of communication between my partner and me. I also have problems with my partner not being able to support himself and maybe even helping me every now and then, don’t get me wrong I’m not asking him to take care of me in no means what so ever but help every now and then would be good. As I did research on the topic of relationships, I learned that there are several steps that can be taken to have a successful relationship. First it is important to ensure that you trust your partner. Does your partner’s communication lift you just to bring you right back down? How do you and your partner deal with conflict in your relationship? Do you have compatible financial values? When you are thinking about starting a new relationship think about some of these questions. They might help you to understand the relationship better and if that’s what you really want. Maintaining a trusting and lasting relationship is going to require some work on both sides and especially in these times. As long as there is trust and communication between both parties then there is a good chance that the relationship will work. I plan to take my time and know the person that I intend to be in a serious relationship with. I don’t want to hurt anyone and I definitely don’t want to be hurt. I look forward to finding love one day that is meaningful and lasting but until then I will continue to inform my partner how I feel and what I am looking for in the beginning. I will ensure the line of communication stays open.

Ice Cream Galore Btec Unit 9

Ice Cream Galore Made by: H. Hassan Index * P1 describe the promotional mix used by two selected organisations for a selected product/service * P2 explain the role of promotion within the marketing mix for a selected product/service * P3 explain the role of advertising agencies and the media in the development of a successful promotional campaign * P4 explain the reasons behind the choice of media in a successful promotional campaign P1The Promotional mix contains out of different elements who are necessary for the information of all target customers that means it’s not just for the people who already know about the product but also for the people who are completely unaware it all depends on how you use the elements of the promotional mix which are: 1. Advertising Any paid form of non-personal communication through mass media   about a service or product   or an idea is called advertising. It is done through non personal channels or media.Print advertisements, advertisemen ts in Television, Radio, Billboard, Cataloges, Direct mails, In-store display, , emails, posters are some of the examples of advertising. Paid promotion and presentation of goods, services, comes under the advertisement 2. Personal selling This is a process by which a person persuades the buyer to accept a product or a point of view or convince the buyer to take specific course of action through face to face contact. Examples: Sales Meetings, sales presentations, sales training, samples and telemarketing etc.It can be of face-to-face or through telephone contact. 3. Sales promotion Many different products are often sold with a discount. Companies use these kind of sales promotion a lot. They do this so that more people will buy the product, resulting in a bigger profit or so they can get rid of their old products because they are waiting for a new product to come out 4. Public relations A lot of big businesses also have a negative side. It’s the PR’s goals to make the business look as good as possible for the public 5. Direct marketingDirect marketing is a way of marketing to a particular group such as young male students Business use very advanced ways into reaching the people they want to inform of their product or discount 6. Sponsorship Sponsorship is a way to of promoting by being connected to someone or something companies pay a lot to like an athlete wearing their name on his shirt P1/P2 BCC BCC is a high tech company selling all the electrical equipment u need at your home. They use the promotional mix to attract customers and sell products. hey use a store as well as a web shop Advertising: BCC has got a lot of commercials and nationally known slogans such as â€Å"Low Prices High Service† Personal Selling: They use personal selling a lot, try walking in to a bcc store without getting jumped by a salesman. Their strategy is you come in to the store for headphones and you leave with a phone or tv. Sales Promotion: They give you dis count ,when u buy more than 1 product and give the opportunity to pay it off with a monthly fee. Sponsorship: They sponsored The Dutch soccer team at WK 2010 named â€Å"Het officiele thuis supporters packet â€Å" (http://www. nederlandsmedianetwerk. l/profiles/blogs/bcc-officieel-sponsor-van-de) Direct marketing: They use direct marketing by sending u emails of their discount if you’re in their database because u bought something from them in the past Public relations : They are known because of their slogan Low Prices High Service. If something doesn’t work they will immediately help you out through the phone or at their store The role of their promotion that people are aware that they are there and give them the image that they are the best and reliable with repairs and such so that u feel comfortable with buying a new TV without thinking that it might break .Unicef Unicef stands for United Nations Children's Fund. It’s a children rights organisation of th e United Nations. Their Goal is that all children get the same rights such as education, food ,vaccinations and help cure aids and other diseases Advertising: Unicef advertises a lot they have people on the streets collecting money. They got commercials and famous people supporting them at benefit concerts here Personal Selling: They do use personal selling by for example the people who come knock on your door raising money or have a stall with unicef shirts and caps that u can buySales promotion: They don’t give discounts because it’s about them helping children it depends on you how much u want to give there are no standard prices Sponsorship :They sponsor one of the greatest soccer team in the world FC Barcelona and the Grand Prix as well as NASCAR. Direct Marketing: They use direct marketing u can subscribe to their site and they send u emails and information about their campaigns or benefit concerts they look for people with a soft hart and care about children I t hink they mostly aim at rich housewives with children their ownPublic Relations: They are extremely kind to u and u can always call or mail them or go to their local office if u have any questions. Unicef depends on promotion they need it so people can donate money to them without promotion no one would trust the organisation with their money they would think that they will just keep it. They promote it with sad children that are all bruised up so that they get your compassion and eventually your money.

Why College Students Should Not Turn To Caffeine

Why College Students Should Not Turn To Caffeine Introduction Caffeine is a stimulant that is extracted from plants with its major source being coffee plants. In its extracted form, caffeine exists as crystals which are bitter in taste. As a stimulating drug, caffeine is commonly used by youths especially those in college. This paper seeks to discuss the reasons why college students should not turn to caffeine. The paper will look at some of the trend of involvement of college students into caffeine consumption and the risks that surround consumption of caffeine by college students.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why College Students Should Not Turn To Caffeine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Caffeine usage by college students The use of caffeine by students has been identified as a common issue. Being readily available in soft drinks such as â€Å"coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate, soft drinks and over the counter preparations† (Landrum 151), student s who have come to believe that caffeine can stimulate their bodies to respond more to the demands for more study time are increasingly getting involved in the consumption of caffeine purposely for its stimulating effects (Landrum 151). A number of researches that have over time been conducted on the use of caffeine by college students revealed some trends in such consumptions. One of the trends that have been realized with respect to the consumption of the drug in college is that caffeine consumption by students bears some relationship to the level of effort that students need at a particular time in their study. This follows the college system that has less work for the students at the beginning of an academic season which gradually increases with time as the students approach their exams. According to researches, it has been significantly identified that as students approach the exam periods, their rate of consumption of caffeine increases. The students have therefore associated caffeine with the capacity to study, an opinion that is promoting the consumption of the substance among college students (Landrum 151). Females have been identified to consume caffeine more than male students. For whatever reasons, the consumption of the substance is thus dependent on sex and the more female students are in a college institution, the more consumption of caffeine is likely to be registered by the institution. The level of seniority of students in college also influences consumption of the substance. It has, for example, been identified that the level of consumption of caffeine is directly proportional to the study levels in college. A higher level of consumption is thus realized by senior students than their junior counterparts. It therefore brings about the impression that college environment has a characteristic feature of influencing students to use the substance.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your f irst paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whether this influence is induced by the institutions’ systems or just a mere influence that is driven by college students among themselves, the issue is that college students are turning to the consumption of caffeine as a means of securing their academic success. The relationship between the consumption of the substance to the level of study of students and the academic season in relation to exams supports the claim that college students are resorting to caffeine (Landrum 151). Why college students should not turn to caffeine The use of caffeine by college students can be attributed to influence that is triggered by either the students or the academic environment that is occasionally strenuous to students forcing them to resort into substances that can stimulate their bodies to sustain extra efforts as they extend their studying time. There are, however, a number of reasons as to why students should not see caffeine as a so lution to acquiring of extra efforts in studies. Consumption of caffeine has been associated with a number of risks and dangers that can pose some limitations to a student. One of the effects of caffeine is the interruption that it causes to a person’s sleep. People who are deeply into high level of caffeine consumptions have the problems of interrupted sleeps. This interruption is particularly dangerous for students as they are expected to have enough rest and sleep in their lives. The students will on the contrary have insufficient amount of sleep that is most likely transmitted into the day when full attention is required in class. Attending classes in a sleepy condition will therefore reduce the student’s effectiveness in understanding. According to Kley Kara, consumption of caffeine has the effect of increasing â€Å"heart rate and blood pressure† (Kley 1). Such impacts have a possibility of overworking the heart which may lead to malfunctioning of the hear t. Students who are much into caffeine consumption are therefore in danger of heart problems that can arise from issues such as cardiac arrests due to the heart muscles being overworked. Such complications have greater impacts in the life of an individual including death in the case of severe arrests. Same complications can arise in the case increased blood pressure. Dizziness has also been an impact of consumption of significant level of caffeine. Together with â€Å"irritability and restlessness†, a student’s level of concentration will be compromised following consumption of caffeine (Kley 1). Other effects of caffeine include â€Å"decreased blood flow to the stomach, increased risk of osteoporosis in later age† (Kley 1) besides its addictive nature. An individual who falls into addiction of caffeine consumption further has the danger of prolonged and more severe impacts of the general effects of caffeine consumption (Kley 1). Excess consumption of caffeine has also been associated with â€Å"dehydration, diarrhea and ulcers† (Faith Purpose 1). Medical complications of these effects have negative impacts on a student’s ability to attend and concentrate in class. Dehydration, for example, leads to extreme exhaustion of the body following reduced functionality of body organs; some of these functions are related to the brain system and thus induces a state that may not be favorable for a student to study.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why College Students Should Not Turn To Caffeine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cases such as ulcers on the other hand have the capacity of subjecting a person to hospitalization. A student will therefore suffer from pain as well as miss class lessons while undergoing treatment following medical complications that are induced by consumption of caffeine. Other direct impacts of excessive consumption of caffeine incl ude â€Å"increased premenstrual, problems in the stomach and the esophagus, headaches and risen body temperature† (Faith Purpose 1). Usage of caffeine also has the threat of reducing levels of some minerals in the body. It has, for example, been established that excess caffeine in the body plays a role in reducing the level of iron and calcium in the body. An individual who consumes large amounts of caffeine therefore risks deficiency of such minerals and the consequences of such deficiencies. Deficiency of iron, for example, which is essential in the development of bones and the production of red blood cells, can therefore pose threat to a person’s well being. Excessive caffeine usage is thus identified to be dangerous to lives of students (Faith Purpose 1). Upon consumption of substances that are rich in caffeine, a person experiences decreased time duration taken to react to situations. This means that consumption of caffeine rich substances can induce faster unmed iated reactions. Whether in class work or outside class, a student is subject to making quick decisions that could be erroneous. A case of a mistake made in a class assignment or an exam due to the induced quick response of caffeine can cost a student marks and even grades in final grading in college. Since female college students are adults who can at the same time get pregnant, the dangers of caffeine to the health of an unborn child or an infant is equally a reason why caffeine consumption should be checked by female students. This danger can be discussed in two aspects: that of a college student who is expectant in school and is consuming high level of caffeine and that of a woman who got addicted to caffeine consumption while in college. Excessive intake of caffeine by an expectant woman is particularly dangerous in the fact that caffeine easily diffuses through the placenta into the unborn child’s system. Similarly, a breast feeding mother can pass caffeine content into her child’s body through the breast’s milk. The danger under these considerations is that while the adults’ body systems are developed enough to eliminate the toxic caffeine by natural processes, the body of an unborn or a young child is not developed enough to eliminate the caffeine contents in itself. Usage of caffeine by these women therefore induces a level of intoxication to their children. The concern should be adequately addressed under caffeine consumption at the college due to the possibility of addiction which might be effective through out a woman’s life (Goldberg 235).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a possibility that a student engaged in consumption of caffeine products may be taking too much of the caffeine without being aware. Following the lack of specification of substances in terms of the level of caffeine that they contain, a student might as well get into excessive consumption of caffeine without his or her notice. This means that a student can still be subjected to the risks of excessive caffeine consumption without being aware (Walker and Humphries 75). There is, however, those arguments that seem to support the consumption of caffeine by college students. There are opinions that caffeine usage induces â€Å"increased sense of alertness, positive mood and alleviate headaches† among other benefits (Kley 1). Conclusion Consumption of substances that are rich in caffeine is highly adopted among students in collage following its stimulating effect. Though there are opinions of some benefits of caffeine in the body, the negative impacts that are associated with the consumption outnumbers the benefits and some of the consequences of caffeine consumption such as ulcers and heart and blood complications are fatal. It can therefore be concluded that college students should avoid or control their consumption of caffeine rich substances. Faith Purpose. Dangers of excessive caffeine consumption. Assatashakur, 2011. Web. Goldberg, Raymond. Drugs across the Spectrum. New York, NY: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Kley, Kara. Caffeine, what every college student should know. Housing, 2010. Web. Landrum, Erick. College students’ use of caffeine and its relationship to personality. Psych, n.d. Web. Walker, Allan and Humphries, Courtney. The Harvard Medical School guide to healthy eating during pregnancy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. Print.

The Culture of Overtesting in Americas Public Schools

The Culture of Overtesting in Americas Public Schools Over the past several years, many parents and students have begun to launch movements against overtesting and the high stakes testing movement. They have begun to realize that their children are being stripped of an authentic educational experience that instead hinges on how they perform on a series of test over a period of a few days. Many states have passed laws that tie student test performance to grade promotion, the ability to obtain a driver’s license, and even the earning of a diploma. This has created a culture of tension and anxiety among administrators, teachers, parents, and students. High Stakes and Standardized Testing I spend quite a bit of my time thinking about and researching the topics of high stakes and standardized testing. I have written several articles on those subjects. This includes one where I consider my philosophical shift from not worrying about my student’s standardized test scores to deciding that I need to play the high stakes testing game and focus on preparing my students for their standardized tests. Since I made that philosophical shift, my students perform significantly better when compared to my students before I shifted my focus to teaching towards the test. In fact over the last several years I have had a near perfect proficiency rate for all of my students. While I am proud of this fact, it is also extremely disheartening because it has come at a cost. This has created a continuous internal battle. I no longer feel like my classes are fun and creative. I do not feel as if I can take the time to explore the teachable moments that I would have jumped on a few years ago. Time is at a premium, and nearly everything I do is with the one singular goal of preparing my students for testing. The focus of my instruction has been narrowed to the point that I feel as if I am trapped. I know that I am not alone. Most teachers are fed up with the current overtesting, high stakes culture. This has led many excellent, effective teachers to retire early or to leave the field to pursue another career path. Many of the remaining teachers have made the same philosophical shift I chose to make because they love working with kids. They sacrifice conforming to something which they do not believe in to keep doing the job they love. Few administrators or teachers see the high stakes testing era as something positive. Many opponents would argue that a single test on a single day is not indicative of what a child truly has learned over the course of a year. Proponents say that it holds school districts, administrators, teachers, students, and parents accountable. Both groups are right to some extent. The best solution to standardized testing would be a middle ground approach. Instead, the Common Core State Standard era has in some degree ushered in increased pressure and continued over-emphasis on standardized testing. Common Core States Standards The Common Core States Standards (CCSS) have had a significant impact on ensuring this culture is here to stay. Forty-two states currently utilize the Common Core State Standards. These states utilize a shared set of English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics educational standards. However, the controversial Common Core has lost some of its luster due in part to several states parting ways with them after initially planning to adopt them,  Even still there is rigorous testing intended to assess student understanding of the Common Core State Standards. There are two consortiums charged with building these assessments: Partnership for Assessment and Readiness of College and Careers (PARCC) SMARTER Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC). Originally, PARCC assessments were given to students over the course of 8-9 testing sessions in grades 3-8. That number has since been reduced to 6-7 testing sessions, which still seems excessive. The driving force behind the high stakes testing movement is two fold. It is both politically and financially motivated. These motivations are interlocked. The testing industry is a multi-billion dollar a year industry. Testing companies win political support by pumping thousands of dollars into political lobbying campaigns to ensure that candidates who support testing are voted into office. The political world essentially holds school districts hostage by tying both federal and state money to standardized tests performance. This, in large part, is why district administrators put pressure on their teachers to do more to increase test performance. It is also why many teachers bow to the pressure and teach directly to the test. Their job is tied to the funding and their family understandably trumps their internal convictions. Overtesting Era The overtesting era is still strong, but hope arises for opponents of high stakes testing. Educators, parents, and students are beginning to awaken to the fact that something needs to be done to reduce the amount of and overemphasis of standardized testing in America’s public schools. This movement has gained much steam within the past few years as many states have suddenly reduced the amount of testing they required and repealed legislation that tied test scores to areas such as teacher evaluations and student promotion. Even still there is more work do be done. Many parents have continued to lead an opt-out movement in the hope that it will eventually rid or drastically reduce the public school standardized testing requirements. There are several websites and Facebook pages dedicated to this movement.   Educators like me appreciate the parental support on this issue. As I mentioned above, many teachers feel trapped. We either quit what we love to do or conform to how we are mandated to teach. This does not mean that we cannot voice our displeasure when given the opportunity. For those who believe that there is too much emphasis placed on standardized testing and that students are being overtested, I encourage you to figure out a way to make your voice heard. It may not make a difference today, but eventually, it could be loud enough to put an end to this insatiable practice.

Iambic Pentameter Verses in Plays Like Julius Caesar

Iambic Pentameter Verses in Plays Like Julius Caesar Shakespeare was famous for writing in iambic pentameter, which is a specific way of rhyming sonnet lines in ten syllables. There are also forms of unrhymed iambic pentameter, as in Macbeth, with the noble characters. This metrical pattern of writing is also known as blank verse, and Shakespeare was famous for composing his plays as such. However, he also included additional forms of writing such as poetry and simple prose. Understanding Iambic Pentameter The term iambic pentameter† can sound intimidating at first, however, its simply a way of speaking that  Shakespeare’s contemporary audience would have been used to. While it is important to have an understanding of what iambic pentameter is to appreciate the plays,  there are only five key things to know: Iambic pentameter is a verse rhythm often used in Shakespeare’s writing.It has 10 syllables per line.Syllables alternate between stressed and unstressed beats, creating this pattern: â€Å"de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM.†Shakespeare played around with this structure to create different effects (for example, he changed the stress pattern and added syllables).Generally speaking, high-class characters speak in iambic pentameter and lower class characters speak in prose. The Origins of Iambic Pentameter and the Reasons for Its Use The goal of iambic pentameter was to create a meter for the English language in the sixteenth century. The reason for this was due to Latin being seen as the language of true literature while English was for common folk. Because Latin was seen as a superior language for poetry and literature, poets developed iambic pentameter to use English words that could be stressed and unstressed.   The effect of the pattern from Blank Verse allows poetry to be full of movement, imagery, and a music-like quality. In contemporary poetry, it is considered somewhat of a lost art, however, some use the pattern or a similar rhyming scheme  as a technique to bring their work to life. Iambic Pentameter Examples From Famous Shakespearean Plays Examples of iambic pentameter are found in many of Shakespeares plays, such as  Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and more. See instances of the pattern in the verses that follow. From Romeo and Juliet: Two households, both alike in dignity,In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.From forth the fatal loins of these two foesA pair of star-crossd lovers take their life;(Prologue) But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:Be not her maid, since she is envious;Her vestal livery is but sick and greenAnd none but fools do wear it; cast it off.(Act 2, Scene 2) From Julius Caesar: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!(Act 3, Scene 2) From A Midsummer Nights Dream: And I do love thee: therefore, go with me;Ill give thee fairies to attend on thee,And they shall fetch thee jewels from the deep,And sing while thou on pressed flowers dost sleep;(Act 3, Scene 1) From Richard III: Now is the winter of our discontentMade glorious summer by this sun of York;And all the clouds that lourd upon our houseIn the deep bosom of the ocean buried.(Act 1, Scene 1) From Macbeth: Henceforth be earls, the first that ever ScotlandIn such an honour named. Whats more to do,Which would be planted newly with the time,As calling home our exiled friends abroadThat fled the snares of watchful tyranny;Producing forth the cruel ministersOf this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen,Who, as tis thought, by self and violent handsTook off her life; this, and what needful elseThat calls upon us, by the grace of Grace,We will perform in measure, time and place:So, thanks to all at once and to each one,Whom we invite to see us crownd at Scone.(Act 5, Scene 8) From Hamlet: O that this too too solid flesh would melt,Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!Or that the Everlasting had not fix’dHis canon ’gainst self-slaughter! O God! O God!(Act 1, Scene 2) From Twelfth Night: If music be the food of love, play on;Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting,The appetite may sicken, and so die.That strain again! it had a dying fall:O, it came oer my ear like the sweet sound,That breathes upon a bank of violets,Stealing and giving odour! Enough; no more:Tis not so sweet now as it was before.O spirit of love! how quick and fresh art thou,That, notwithstanding thy capacityReceiveth as the sea, nought enters there,Of what validity and pitch soeer,But falls into abatement and low price,Even in a minute: so full of shapes is fancyThat it alone is high fantastical.(Act 1, Scene 1)

Issues in Multicultural Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Issues in Multicultural Britain - Essay Example The conclusion of the Second World War in 1945 hastened a level of cultural interaction and immigration into many Western nations that had not previously been seen. Much of this immigration and increased cultural interaction was the result of the fact that tens of thousands of individuals were force to seek work elsewhere or move from the destroyed regions that they had previously lived. In his text ‘Multiculturalism: A Civic Idea’ Modood (2007) stresses the importance of education in shaping multiculturalism in the modern society. This paper examines the prospects of multiculturalism with the impending changes to the national curriculum. The need for change is contingent upon some of the issues that have been represented within England over the past few decades. Ultimately, the nation is experiencing something of a tribalized level of development; with certain ethnic, racial, or religious groups seemingly existing within the periphery of English life and not actively vi ewing themselves as a functional part of it. This creates a serious issue both for the society’s development and for the way in which multicultural can be effected or considered as an overall success. Within this understanding, stakeholders within government and education have determined that the most effective way of correcting this would be to focus a higher level of emphasis on engaging multicultural norms and forms of appreciation within the educational structure; as a means of integrating with the societal stakeholder as they are young and explaining the importance of this as a means of forming a more cohesive yet individualized nation. For a long time since it came to the fore in the 1940s, multiculturalism has been presented as a positive feature of national societies. Countries and even cities have proudly presented themselves as being multi-cultural or even metropolitan; this represents part of a wider ideology referred to as multiculturalism (UNESCO, 2003). During the past

Evidence Based Practice - Vascular Bleeding Following PCI Essay

Evidence Based Practice - Vascular Bleeding Following PCI - Essay Example 3.0%), particularly hematoma (1.1% vs. 2.5%) and pseudoaneurysm (0.1% vs. 1.0%), as compared to MC use (n = 951). Odds ratio of developing complications for VCD recipients was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.40 – 0.79). Because baseline characteristics between treatment groups were initially different, statistical adjustment was done. In 2010, a prospective, small-scale, short-term case-series study involving 413 patients treated of acute coronary syndrome was used to identify predictors of vascular complications. The use of VCDs by the sample was fairly limited, only 62 used Angio-Seal and 19 had PerClose. For those who used VCDs, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of hematoma during or after the use of procedure. In addition, those with complications were old and had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, as compared to those that did not have complications (Sulzbach-Hoke, Ratcliffe, Kimmel, Kolansky, & Polomano, 2010). The different VCDs were also compared. In patients that have received PCI in the past eight years, those who underwent VCD (n = 2, 814) had significantly lower incidence rate of ≠¥ 10 cm hematoma as compared to those who were given MC (n = 1, 407), 1.1% vs. 2.1%. Baseline characteristics between VCD and MC groups were not statistically different. Comparison among Angio-Seal, Perclose and Starclose users revealed that those who used Perclose had the least rate of complications (5.6%), while those receiving Starclose had the most (10.2%). The differences among rates were significant (Iqtidar, Li, Mather, & McKay, 2011). A similar, wider scale, retrospective study (n = 1, 819, 611) was conducted 2012 by Tavris, et al. The rates of bleeding in Angio-Seal (28.7%), Perclose (8.3%), Boomerang Closure Wire (BCW) (0.6%) and hemostasis patches (7.9%) VCDs were less than 1%, while those receiving MC (38.9%) was 1.18%. In contrast, StarClose (4.4%) and Mynx

Business Analytics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Analytics - Assignment Example - Data driven processes often create issues (noise) which are not relevant to the goals of the project. In this respect, logic-driven analytics processes will result in more clear and concise solutions. This depends on the project and the maturity of the audience/stakeholders. In an environment where the KPIs are not already established and the data is not well known, it might be appropriate to start with a logic driven process to focus the process on the most impactful issues. This keeps the noise to a minimum and keeps a project smaller in scope while not creating distractions. A data-driven approach can be added as a second step in this case. In a more sophisticated environment where basic KPIs are established, there is an opportunity to find the hidden levers in a process by using a data-driven process to provide deeper insight. Again, these choices are not universal and depend on the maturity of the audience and company, the quality, availability and knowledge of the data and the appetite of the organization for a complex project - The choice of an analytic model to use does indeed depend on many factors, including the nature of the project and the environment. It is worth noting that both logic driven and data driven models can co-exist and complement each other. In my opinion, a data driven approach is more suited to a situation where the data is not known, since a logic driven approach requires an intimate understanding and anticipation of the data before a model can be constructed. What would an effect hybrid first analytics project look like for an organization that has not approached true analytics in the past and what elements from each methodology would you apply? Assume the organization is relatively mature (in life cycle) but novice in deep analytics and has relatively clean and accessible data as well as well educated users. The main advantage I can see using a logic driven analytics (as one of the requirement) is

Stratification by Gender and Agege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stratification by Gender and Agege - Essay Example To make this discipline work, theoretical frameworks in the form of theories are used to explain and analyze social actions, structures and various social processes. These theories aid in organizing social research. It is imperative to realize the significance of these theories not only to develop a positive attitude towards life and society but also to modulate the situation so as to add meaning to it in a cognitive and overall holistic development (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). Sociological theories explaining stratification by gender and age are based on theoretical assumptions encompassing positivism, materialism, idealism, determinism, individualism and free will (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). They provide an attitude towards critical thinking that includes rationality, logic, objectivity and knowledge (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). It is an essential tool used by scholars to analyze the society and therefore these are interdisciplinary, drawing ideas from and contributing to various disciplines of human endeavor (Stark, 2007). Gender responsibilities require proper behavior, attitudes and activities of both males and females in the society. The social theories defining stratification by gender signify women as an oppressed majority group and must be feminine, soft, emotional, sweet and submissive while boys or males must be masculine, aggressive in temperament, tough, daring and dominant (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). ... Women perform the roles of being expressive and emotionally supportive while men take the role of being instrumental and practical (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). According to the conflict response of the sociological theory there is no parallel power relationship between men and women. Women are always considered as the weaker gender and men have a dominant position over women. This difference is due to suppression of women by men (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). According to the feminist perspective, in capitalist societies, women's subordination in injustice and exploitation is prevalent. This has gained pace with the rise in private property during industrialization (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The dominance of men is also seen in the interaction theory which states that men are more likely to change topics of conversation or rather ignore topics chosen by women. The theory further states that if the idea is given by a women then it doesn't gain much appreciation rather women are always interrupted (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The stratification by gender also brings focus on the ideology of sexism which states that one sex (male) is superior to other (female). It also encompass discrimination and male prejudice leading to sexual harassment. Sexual harassment also involves work benefits, favors, touching, lewd comments and thereby creating hostile environment (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). This stratification is prevalent all over the world and therefore women remain in second-class position in major part of the world especially in the developing countries and are exploited for labor (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The gender stratification is also prevalent in developed nations like US but still is underrepresented in occupations defined as "men's jobs" which keep

Explain the law as it relates to torts, the U.S. Constitution, Essay

Explain the law as it relates to torts, the U.S. Constitution, intellectual property, and crime affect business - Essay Example In particular, this paper will address the issue about the trade-off between entertainment venues that enable the owners to profit and benefit from their work. Participants in the music and movie industries among other forms of entertainment have always insisted on the efficiency of encryption programs, which are necessary to prevent piracy. Under the law of intellectual property rights, owners are granted certain rights that are exclusive to assets like music, books, and other artistic works that are intangible (William & Miller, 2010). Some of the rights include trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, copyrights, and trade secrets in common jurisdictions. Most of these principles have evolved over centuries. The Statute of Monopolies (1623) and the Statute of Anne (1710) are viewed as the origins of patent law and copyright law respectively (George, 2000). Most individuals have vastly criticized intellectual property law like those in the free culture movement. On the contrary, intellectual property tends to be controlled by economic goals when it ought to be considered as a societal product. There are limitations in the intellectual property of the United States which focus on joint works and individuals; thus copyright protection can only be obtained in original works of authorship. The ethical difficulties are mostly pertinent when it involves such entertainment products. A tort is simply a civil wrong which can either be negligent or intentional. Cyber torts, on the other hand, are torts done over cyberspace (George, 2000). These are still crimes and also have serious effects on the social order. The technological aspect has an enormous impact in exposing everyone to dangers and damages. This includes the entertainment venues whose privacy is mostly interrupted. Tort law recognizes that individuals have a right to refrain being sued in the absence of a proper and legally just reason. This can be in reference violations against property or

Stratification by Gender and Agege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stratification by Gender and Agege - Essay Example To make this discipline work, theoretical frameworks in the form of theories are used to explain and analyze social actions, structures and various social processes. These theories aid in organizing social research. It is imperative to realize the significance of these theories not only to develop a positive attitude towards life and society but also to modulate the situation so as to add meaning to it in a cognitive and overall holistic development (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). Sociological theories explaining stratification by gender and age are based on theoretical assumptions encompassing positivism, materialism, idealism, determinism, individualism and free will (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). They provide an attitude towards critical thinking that includes rationality, logic, objectivity and knowledge (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). It is an essential tool used by scholars to analyze the society and therefore these are interdisciplinary, drawing ideas from and contributing to various disciplines of human endeavor (Stark, 2007). Gender responsibilities require proper behavior, attitudes and activities of both males and females in the society. The social theories defining stratification by gender signify women as an oppressed majority group and must be feminine, soft, emotional, sweet and submissive while boys or males must be masculine, aggressive in temperament, tough, daring and dominant (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). ... Women perform the roles of being expressive and emotionally supportive while men take the role of being instrumental and practical (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). According to the conflict response of the sociological theory there is no parallel power relationship between men and women. Women are always considered as the weaker gender and men have a dominant position over women. This difference is due to suppression of women by men (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). According to the feminist perspective, in capitalist societies, women's subordination in injustice and exploitation is prevalent. This has gained pace with the rise in private property during industrialization (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The dominance of men is also seen in the interaction theory which states that men are more likely to change topics of conversation or rather ignore topics chosen by women. The theory further states that if the idea is given by a women then it doesn't gain much appreciation rather women are always interrupted (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The stratification by gender also brings focus on the ideology of sexism which states that one sex (male) is superior to other (female). It also encompass discrimination and male prejudice leading to sexual harassment. Sexual harassment also involves work benefits, favors, touching, lewd comments and thereby creating hostile environment (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). This stratification is prevalent all over the world and therefore women remain in second-class position in major part of the world especially in the developing countries and are exploited for labor (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The gender stratification is also prevalent in developed nations like US but still is underrepresented in occupations defined as "men's jobs" which keep

The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao - Essay Example ois Macomber.’ This paper helps to provide an insight into how the author has made use of the feeling of absence very beautifully in the story as he talks about how the lives of people in the shadow of dictatorship and living in exile were full of loss and has also pointed out absence in the form of immigrants. In the middle of Oscar’s pathetic existence, Yunior tells the story of how terrifying it was to live under the dictatorship for Oscar’s mother and grandparents. They underwent blood soaked years of the Trujillo dictatorship full of paranoia, torture, secret police, murder and fear.   These are the words that describe life in a small, tropical dictatorship run by a psychopath.  Not coincidentally, they also describe the legacy of the Twentieth Century. The book helps in describing the dark path that the immigrant, Oscar, was made to tread upon and the various events that he went through during the course of his lifetime. The idea of absence has been provided in a very descriptive manner as the author has tried to point out instances with respect to the emotion. The first taste of absence maybe felt by the readers by the mention of the immigrant family that Oscar was from. Immigrants are people who have been forced to flee their home countries and live elsewhere because of social or moral issues prevailing within society. In actuality, they are not able to fit well within other societies because of problems of acceptance faced by other people around them. Thus, they feel lonely and are one of the most key aspects of describing absence and loneliness. Furthermore, Diaz has made use of the backdrop of dictatorship and exile under the purview of which the protagonists of the story were living. The author describes the absence of friendship and prevalence of loneliness in Wao’s life; â€Å"In the old days when his so-called friends would hurt him or drag his trust through the mud he always crawled voluntarily back into the abuse, hour of fear and

The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident Essay Example for Free

The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident Essay Abstract The Fukushima nuclear accident triggered a large-scale nuclear leak, which has had an immeasurable impact on the global ecological environment. This article addresses, in depth, features of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident: during the incident, the impact of the incident, and aspects of the aftermath. Through an analysis of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident, certain referential and significant aspects of the nuclear industry are clear. Introduction: In a strong earthquake, which occurred on the afternoon of March 11, 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan was severely damaged; this led to a leakage of radioactive substances, causing considerable concern around the world. In recent years the promotion of a low-carbon economy has resulted in nuclear power plants being seen as one of the best producers of low-carbon energy; the accident has raised Governments’ concern. A study of the impact of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on the surrounding environment, as well as how great significance in promoting the development of a global nuclear future. [1] 1. The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant: the whole story. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant used the early BWR (Boiling Water Reactor), the standard was low, and had technical defects; poor security was the cause of the accident. The main reason for the accident was the design of the nuclear power plant which did not take into account the double impact of a powerful earthquake and consequential tsunami. In fact, the earthquake did not completely destroy the nuclear power plant; it was the tsunami that followed that destroyed the emergency diesel generators, and caused the whole plant to lose all its internal and external AC power supply. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactor used water as a coolant and moderator, but the water was boiling in the reactor and changed into steam in the turbine generator. The tsunami led to the loss of the emergency power supply, and the failure of the necessary cooling of the reactor after shutdown. This led to an elevated temperature and a pressure increase; for safety it had to release the steam to release the pressure. The loss of coolant, which it could not efficiently replace, resulted in part or all of the fuel being exposed. BWR steam with radioactive substances were discharged directly through the pressure vessel dry well and then released into the atmosphere. Due to the loss of power, reactor waste heat could not find an appropriate way to escape and the temperature of the core fuel rose causing the shell zirconium to react with steam to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen was released into the plant, and continued to accumulate, finally leading to the explosion in the plant. After the accident, the core melted and was destroyed; this then led to a further expansion of nuclear contamination. [1] 2. The Fukushima Nuclear Effect on Humans Physicist Kirby Kemper, from Florida State University, said that if there was a complete nuclear reactor core melt-down, some of the most radioactive substances, such as uranium and other heavy metals, would drop to the bottom of the pressure vessel, these substance would not be emitted into the atmosphere, and could, by nuclear radiation clean-up personnel, be special process cleaned. However, some of the radioactive chemical substances would be released, fourth grain of sand size particle morphology, these substances include iodine-131, strontium-90, and cesium-137. These are a great threat to the human body, because these radioactive substances can imitate the elements required by the human body’s natural tissue components, such as radioactive iodine-131, and easily enter into the body’s tissues and organs. Radioactive iodine under certain conditions can be rapidly dispersed in the air and water. However, iodine-131‘s half-life is only eight days, which means that in a few months it will completely decay. Radioactive iodine can be dispersed through the air to the human body; it can be deposited on grass which is then eaten by cows. The cows then produce contaminated dairy products and through this transmit it into the human food chain. It may also be deposited on the leaves of vegetables or in seafood and fresh water also for human dietary consumption. [1,2] The half life of strontium-90 is 29.1 years, and due to its chemical properties being similar to calcium, is often found in human bones and teeth. In the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, there was a large amount of strontium- 90 released into the air, and deposited in the former Soviet Union, Scandinavia and other regions. Strontium-90 goes into the human body through food and drinking water, much of its intake is often associated with bone disease, bone and soft tissue tumors and leukemia. [2,3,4] The half–life of Cesium-137 is 30 years, another high risk substance which is released from a nuclear reactor core and often in the body through food and water intake, or by entering the body through the respiratory organs. A body, which is exposed to Cesium-137, will have an increased risk of cancer. [2,3,4] 3. The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and Ecological Problems The Fukushima nuclear power plant accident caused huge ecological environmental hazards; in general it caused pollution. (1) Air Pollution Air causes the spread of nuclear radiation. However, the concentration of radioactive material released into the atmosphere will gradually be diluted with increased distance. It is not biologically transmitted, it is physically spread. Radioactive nuclear substances are spread through atmospheric circulation and dispersion, with attenuation according to the laws of nature. [5] Following the explosion of Unit 1 of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, at around 11.00am on March 14, there was a second hydrogen explosion; this time it occurred in Unit 3. This was followed, at about 6:00am on the 15th, by an explosion in Unit 2, where the reactor vessel was damaged more seriously in two days than compare to the consequences of the explosion of Unit 1. According to monitoring, under the influence of atmospheric movement, the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant released radioactive substances on the 15th more than 20 times the normal standard. This indicates that the explosion caused pollution of the atmosphere and affected the ecological environment of neighboring countries; with atmospheric circulation, these radioactive elements were carried outside of Japan. [5,6] (2) Water Pollution The ground water near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant’s Units 1 and 2 nuclear reactors saw the concentration of radioactive iodine and radioactive cesium surge a number of times, which no doubt contributed to the groundwater pollution. Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant radioactive material continues to flow into the ocean where marine life will be threatened. According to The New York Times, reported that researchers who extracted water samples near the nuclear power plants detected cesium-137 and iodine-131 radioisotope concentration, suggesting that the nuclear leakage accident had caused marine pollution. [7] (3) Soil Pollution Japan’s Kyodo News quoted a Japan Atomic Power Environmental Preparedness Agency expert reporting that in a 600 square km northwest region soil near the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, the radioactive cesium activity was 1.48 million per square meter Becquerel, reaching the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion mandatory evacuation standards. This is data obtained by the Japanese Government Commission on Nuclear Energy Research. At the nuclear power plant in the northwest region most severely affected after the Fukushima Unit 1 nuclear power plant accident, the Japanese government evacuated about 80,000 people from the vicinity. Earlier, the Japanese Prime Minister, Naoto Kan, said that the date the people will be able to return their homes will not be earlier than the beginning of the next year. [8,9] (4) Food Chain Contamination University of Florida chemical oceanographer and environmental radioactivity expert, Bill Burnett, said that although iodine’s half-life is only eight days in the short term, there is no doubt that the radiation will be a threat and have an impact on the survival of marine life. But the greater potential impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant leakage is from that of cesium, because the decay time of cesium up to 30 years. If marine animals’ intake irradiated plants and small prey, then the marine food chain will be contaminated. Particularly noteworthy, is the fact that algae and other plants quickly absorb iodine. Previous studies have shown that toxic metal and radiation interactions suppress the immune system of vertebrates, causing them to be more susceptible to disease. Consequently, the extent of potential damage to the environment and human health is great. [10] In addition, nuclear power plants and other power plants discharge waste heat. The laws of thermodynamics indicate that the conversion efficiency of thermal energy cannot be 100%. Whether the use coal or solar system, the result will be the same. Modern coal or oil power plant efficiency is up to 40%, the efficiency of nuclear power plants is currently only 33%. Coal power stations release 15% of waste heat through the chimney, and 45% of the water heat from the cooling water discharge. However, 67% of nuclear power plant waste heat is from the cooling water discharged into rivers or sea water. The rising water temperatures caused by this has a significant impact on aquatic life. If the water temperature is too high, it will cause the death of fish, and accelerate the growth of algae, causing the water to lack oxygen. [10] 4. Conclusion Nuclear power is a clean energy source, under normal operation the power plant emissions of radioactive radiation is not large, in fact the radioactive substances emitted by coal-fired power stations is said to be much higher than nuclear power stations. Ultimately, there is no energy that can be said to be absolutely safe and clean. In accepting an energy choice, it is necessary, firstly, to rationally face security risks. Secondly, reactor technology and security is under a process of development. The problems faced by nuclear power plants, through the Fukushima incident, are a very important reference point for nuclear power to improve its security program. For example, nuclear power plants should not be placed in an earthquake zone, particularly not on a fracture layer. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant design, while taking the impact of earthquakes into account, ignored the impact of a consequential tsunami. The nuclear power plant disaster illustrates the need to take multiple natural disasters into account. Furthermore, nuclear power plant design needs to attach importance to the development of emergency plans rationality and feasibility in the event of an accident. With a belief in continuing scientific and technological progress, the security of nuclear power plants of the future should continue to improve. [11,12] References [1] Fukushima: What happened – and what needs to be done. BBC. 10 April 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2011. [2]Takenaka, Kiyoshi (12 March 2011). Japans TEPCO preparing to release radiation from second reactor. Reuters. Retrieved 12 March 2011. [3]Radiation levels spike at Japanese nuclear plant. CNN. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011 [4]Frank N. von Hippel (September/October 2011 vol. 67 no. 5). The radiological and psychological consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi accident. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. pp. 27–36. [5]Hydrogen explosions Fukushima nuclear plant: what happened? Unit 1 nuclear power plant Fukushima Pressure. TEPCO. Retrieved 8 April 2011. [6]3 nuclear reactors melted down after quake, Japan confirms. CNN. 7 June 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011. [7]Radioactive water from Japan nuclear plant leaks in sea. BBC News. 2 April 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011. [8]Timeline: Japan power plant crisis. BBC News. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011. [9]Japans unfolding disaster bigger than Chernobyl'. New Zealand Herald. 2 April 2011. [10] â€Å"Fukushima. Radioactive Cesium Contmination of Japan’s Food Chain.† 3 August, 2012. [11]Fukushima faced 14-metre tsunami. World Nuclear News. 23 March 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011. [12]Justin McCurry. Japan raises nuclear alert level to seven. The Guardian. 12 April 2011

Sainsburys: Strategies for Customer Retention

Sainsburys: Strategies for Customer Retention CHAPTER (1) Abstract My research paper basically seeks to understand the priorities of customer in Sainsbury of selection of products while shopping. And Sainsburys efforts to work on their new products with maintenance of their class and reasonable value to give best services to their loyal customers. My research also seeks to highlight the consumer behaviour which makes them to keep visiting Sainsburys. UK retail market is the best example of competitive market. Research need to understand the product class which leads to quality of product and categorization of products, secondly the product value which shows pricing with different aspects in the UK market and specially in Sainsburys. And I am also going to research about the failure strategies of the Sainsburys. I will conduct this research by the one to one interview with the senior manager of Sainsburys as well as there would be a deep research which will be taken out from the questionnaire with the customer of Sainsburys. Basically the interview will give me the basic line of action of the marketing strategy of the new product of Sainsburys and also it will identify the different products class and with their different values. Questionnaire from the customer will highlight the requirements and basic theme of the consumer that what they think, what they plan and how they choose. I shall also discuss the last two years of the Sainsburys progresses about the products because in past two year Sainsbury has improved their activities under the new management. Introduction United Kingdom is one of the most fast growing markets in fast moving consumer goods in the world. Market opportunities are comparatively very better than the other countries. Resources and legal GOVT. policies are very helpful for the new entrants in the retail market even though the UK five hundred retailers are enjoying about 85 percent of the whole market and rest of 215000 retailers are struggling for remaining market shares. And this trend or market competition encourages or forces the retailers to focus only the customer needs. This trend gives the opportunity to big retailers to make the huge supermarkets. That all the fast moving products include food and noon food item, home appliances and much more under the same roof to fulfil the customer needs and these supermarkets proved more convenience for the consumers. In early 19 century in UK, the retail market had different shape which calls co-operative movement where the multiple retailer or group of retailers comes under one management for working together to sell their products in reason able price to their customers. This trend of co-operative movement started in UK by Rochdale, Lancashire in 1840 and later in north of Englands retailers. But this merging was only for the customers who purchased the products in bulk. After Second World War when the economy of United Kingdom was rebuilding, that was the perfect time for the investors to invest in the different fields of business and retailers also made their positions. Like after four year of war end Marks Spencer opened their first supermarket in 1948 then Sainsburys opened in 1950, Tesco opened their first self service store in 1954, Morison opened 1958 and ASDA opened first supermarket in 1963. The era of 1960, 70s, 80s was the time of expansion of these giants who later opened their sup ermarket with different sizes in all over the places in UK, made their stores more convenience and gave more reliable services to their customers. In todays fast paced life nobody has time to go at individual shops for all the household needs and supermarkets has fulfilled this deficiency by providing their target market all the products i.e., from grocery to personal care, and from children items to medicines and electronics, furniture, fresh items, meat, etc. etc. The availability of all these items under one roof has various attractions which encourage a customer to visit in supermarkets. (www.tescopoly.org) (Raphael Moreau: franchiseek.com) Supermarkets have one major advantage that customer come mentally prepared to make heavy shopping i.e., at least the stock of one week household items so that he / she do not have to come again and again for small items. As London is one of most populated city in the world and day-to-day expenses needs to be made by everyone, in this way supermarkets are able to make large volume of sales. Due to large scale of purchasing supermarkets are able to make different offers especially on the frequently moving items like snacks, cheese, drinks, chocolates, bakery items, beers, wine, vegetables, fruits, meat, etc. etc. In this way consumers are tempted to make forced selling. Due to large sales volume the selling costs goes down which in turn enhances the profits of the supermarkets. (Grahame Dowling: Buying Behaviour) At the start of 2007 the UK retail market was worth about 128.2 billion with the comprehensive increase of 4 percent after 2006. End of 2007 that was reported that there are about 99, 134 retail stores in the United Kingdom which contain the small stores like Spar or Londies and also include the supermarkets like Tesco, Sainsbury etc. These all stores, grocers and supermarkets are expanding their businesses widely as their target market is expanding which made the UK market best example of perfect competitive market. (www.igd.com) UK retail Market Growth UK Grocery Market Performance (Source: IGD Research 2007) As discussed about the supermarkets and different retailers it shows that the customers of UK have wide range of option of selection. In order to evaluate the customer selection of product is the firm it should mostly refer to the traditional forms of marketing as they can be observed in most companies internationally. In this context, the study of Aufreiter et al. (2000) showed that when traditional marketers think of organization, they mean structure: distinct product, channel, and customer groups focusing on specific functional tasks, such as brand differentiation, customer segment management, and market research while functional managers play the pivotal roles in these functionally focused customer groups, which are responsible for generating ideas and taking them to market. (Aufreiter, N., Lawyer, T., Lun, C. (2000) In a sense, customer selection of product is formulated in each case in accordance with the needs of the particular company but most importantly with the conditions of the market. The term of focusing the product is often used in this case to show the involvement of entrepreneur in the design and the application process of the customer satisfaction of specific product and the main targets of the marketing policies used by a specific organization. In this context, Welsh (2003) supported that this term can be defined as â€Å"the proactive identification and exploitation of opportunities for attracting and retaining customers through innovative approaches to risk management, resource leveraging and value creation† (Welsh, 2003, 5). On the other hand, it is necessary that firms internationally use the appropriate techniques of communication in accordance with the social and cultural conditions of the market involved. Regarding this issue, the study of Dobie et al. (2003) showed t hat â€Å"marketing communications are an important element of any product as it is essential to inform potential and existing customers regarding product/service availability and application, and to persuade potential users to investigate, examine, and/or try the proffered product/ service†. (Dobie, K., Grant, J., Megehee, C. (2003). After reviewing the different views of customer selection one could easily notify that in UK where about 10 percent of the whole country is not native can be a complicated market where the product selection can be different and these people have to cover by supermarkets to attract them by their native products with concern food and grocery products. And this objective forces them to make new product lines in their stores. As I mentioned about the trend of supermarket in the UK and further on the three top supermarkets are following: Tesco ASDA Sainsburys This is the recent research that Tesco has 31.5 percent of whole UK retail market share further on ASDA who has 16.7 percent as well as Sainsbury who covered the 16.3 percent market share. In 1980s and early 90s Sainsbury had the leadership of UK market how ever in 1995 Tesco leads with 17 percent market share with rapidly increasing following years. But from past two years when the Sainsbury comes under new management with Justin King they increased well and fortune is this that could compete their rival ASDA and could regain on number two position in UK retail market. Sainsburys management is now improving under the new managerial structure and introducing the wide range of production their stores with different class and value. They increased their organic range and new lines of something new which also include the food items which concern their other countries customers who are living in UK. (news.bbc.co.uk) In 2005 Sainsbury also changed their slogan â€Å"try something new today† to introduce their wide range of new products to their loyal customers. As the Sainsbury is the UK third largest supermarket has increased its like to like sale from last two years. And this method encourages them to deliver large number of products in their stores which is a challenge and if they cant do so they can lower their growth rate as per their other competitors who are increasing significantly. Sainsbury also increased their non food products in the stores. They want to entertain their customer with their new product line including food and non food products. But the challenge is if their other rivals like ASDA and Tesco dont slope down their non food products offers it can be a big lose for Sainsbury. Sainsbury who has about 2.2 billion turnover per year has the fortune to increase it to 3.5 billion by 2011. Sainsbury also have smaller stores then Tesco and ASDA which they are planning to inc rease their stores next year as well as likely to increase the senior management of their stores. As we know Sainsbury has the massive 136 years history in the UK market even though some of the time likes 1995 when Tesco increased its market share till now which is incredible effort of Tesco. But from last two years as under new management they increased their number of stores with their new products. (The telegraph: 27/03/2008) Sainsburys supermarket chain is increasing their new product lines to fulfil the consumer requirement more customers are also making their shopping trend toward Sainsbury. Sainsbury is also managing the price strategy to maintain their sustainability in the market where there other rivals like Tesco and ASDA have vast pricing strategies. New offers are flourishing rapidly in Sainsbury. As I mentioned that UK customer have large number of selection which gives customer freedom of choice thats make Sainsbury to do more efforts. Sainsbury categorize their products with different ideas, thoughts and according to needs of consumer. I will discuss about it in next chapter but some are following with there basic themes. Taste the difference Be good yourself Basic organic Non food items These all Sainsburys categorize food products give the different consumers to different priorities like if we talk about the â€Å"taste the difference† products it covers those customers who come to Sainsbury to buy the quality products with the reasonable price. Second is â€Å"be good yourself† which always keep remember their customer that they are eating low fat food which makes them more healthy and specially those customer who are diet conscious. Third Sainsbury has a wide range of own manufactured brand called Basic which is key area of the Sainsbury turnover. In basic products they promise their customer to give them good products in very low price as per other supermarkets doing. Forth Sainsbury has organic products which give the opportunity to their consumers to buy the products which are total artificial ingredients free. And Sainsbury has introduced organic products in the UK market first in 1985 and latter other retailers got fruit from this product plan. (The telegraph: 11/01/2008) (www.j-sainsburys.co.uk) It is recently been announced by UK retail supermarket giant Sainsburys that their profit increased to 488 million pounds at 2007 which is 28 percent increased form last year. The declaration comes just a day after price rises leapt to three per cent, partly fuelled by improving grocery products prices. Chairman Philip Hampton said: â€Å"This year has been mainly important for Sainsburys since it marked the achievement of the Making Sainsburys Great Again revival plan represent in October 2004 and we stimulated from a period of improvement to development.† Last financial year Sainsburys also take over their target 2.5 billion to 2.7 billion. As for the competitive prices Sainsbury also increase their number of customer visit from 14 million to 16.5 million. And Sainsburys also going to distribute around 47 million pounds to their colleague this year which will come average 401 pounds to every worker. (The Metro UK, May 14th 2008) CHAPTER (2) History of Sainsburys The early years (1869-1940) Mr. John James and Marry Ann Sainsbury was the founder of Sainsburys in 1869. The first shop they open in London at â€Å"Drury Lane†. It was the small dairy shop as well as the area where they open the shop was the poorest area but this shop becomes very popular in the local area as their high quality product in very low price as compared to others. This success encourages Sainsburys owners to open more shops in surrounding areas. In 1882 this short period James Sainsburys had four shops and also he was planning to expand his business in other areas. On the meanwhile they also made their own brand product. Sainsburys also opened its wide range products shop in Croydon which become familiar in very short period. Furthermore in 1890 and 1900 the Sainsburys branches increased from 16 to 48 in all over London as well they open the depot at Black friars which was near to wholesale markets. Era of World War I The world was 1 led the Sainsbury to face the shortage of staff. in 1914 one third of the male staff left to join the armed forces. Women replace the men after getting the training from the school at Blackfriars. Company started to expand during the inter war era. Sainsburys expended in the suburbs of London like Luton, Cambridge, and St Albans. in 1939 there were 244 shops in the UK. Post War Era (1939-1969) This era was the most difficult for the Sainsburys as its assets were badly damaged by bombing and few of them were used by the army as warehouse. This era was not only hard for the Sainsburys but for the British people. The acute shortage of food in June 1950 Sainsburys reopened its first store in Corydon from there Sainsburys started to boom again. In 1969s Sainsburys started to expand in the west and Midlands. Sainsburys: Contemporary Image (1979-2000s) After the world war two, Sainsbury enter a new era of prosperity and growth till then the Sainsburys completed its age of a century. And it was still owned by the founding family. One of the major problem faces by the company in early 1970s was the shortage of oil due to which the cost increased many faults. The increase cost was overcome with the help of bulk merchandizing decreasing per unit cost. The largest stores like one in Cambridge which was opened in1974 offered a wide Varity of product range. It further started to expand in north east England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Thus becoming a national symbol. Sainsburys innovated a lot of techniques and styles of retailing using various tools and technology like scanning, computerized stock control and sale base ordering system. Sainsburys was the pioneer which gave a new face to the retailing system for example by using computerizes, energy management, refrigerate plant in store bakery, chillers and freezers. The produ ct ranges got twice till 1994 representing the numerous range of product like produce fresh foods, salads, ready meals, reduced fat milk and different types of specially breads. Sainsburys was the first British market to mark the â€Å"fair trade† products and using the recycle martial for the paper products and the carrier bags. The profitability measures of Sainsbury are 1991 2002: Sainsbury Profitability ratios 1991 1992 2000 2001 2002 Total operating profit margin 5.10% 4.85% 3.74% 3.41% 3.72% Group profit before tax margin 4.70% 4.62% 3.33% 2.98% 3.44% Interest payable as a percentage of turnover 0.50% 0.31% 0.41% 0.41% 0.27% Source: http://www.bized.co.uk/compfact/ratios/profit_add6a.htm Sainsburys maintained the profits in the years 2000 to 2002. In 1998 – 1999, the profits were better than year 2000. The shows that the profit slump is noticeable and was due to the management failure and high competition. Source: http://www.bized.co.uk/compfact/ratios/profit_add6a.htm Clear form the chart that Sainsburys lost its profit sharing in the year 2001 and 2002 and it discontinued many operations and it earned the minimum profit in the year 2002 which started to decline from the year 1998. Today Sainsbury serves more than 16 million customers each week. it has 455 supermarkets and 301 convenience stores across UK. More then 148000 people work under the umbrella of Sainsburys. Sainsburys strongly believes in high quality products and low price. Following that Sainsburys decrease 8500 prices in 2006. Keeping in view the advanced customer concerns about the health (health conscious customers). It introduced the â€Å"Wheel of health† following the traffic light system, highlighted the ingredients and calories presented to customer. These days more then 2000 products has been labelled by the wheel of health. Sainsburys also contributes in charities and local community as well. It donated 70 million pounds to all primary and secondary schools with the help of its â€Å"active kids campaign† using the fair trade products as a priority projects its image as the strong supporter of poor deserving farmers through out he world. In2005 and 2006 Sainsburys staff donated around 9 million pounds in several of charities. Sainsburys also support the comic relief and sorts relief. Sainsbury is also committed towards the environment and does not support the use of plastic carrier bags, which are made of 33 percent recycle martial processed in most advanced recycling units. Sainsburys has lunched a lot of campaign to reuse the plastic bags. Such sort of activities has reduced the carbon emission by 20 percent since the year 2000. At 14 May 2008 announcing the results of last financial year 2007 Justin King Chief Executive said â€Å"since then we have grown sales by 2.7 billion pounds, betting the target of 2.5 billion we said ourselves, and in march we reported our 13th consecutive quarter of like for like growth. I am also pleased to be able to let you know that, we have reported an increase in profit of 28 percent, up to 488 million pounds for the year ending 22 March 2008, more then double the 238 million pounds we reported for the year ending March 2005†. Research Question What makes the customers to opt the products in terms of class or value in the Sainsburys? This research will provide the essential key points of customer selection of products in terms of quality and price in Sainsburys. Aims and Objectives The main aims and objectives of this research project are to: Analyze the customer priorities by quality, price and quantity while shopping in Sainsburys. Find the purpose of range of products in Sainsbury in terms of quality and price. Prices of the product as per other competitors. Marketing strategy of Sainsburys for their new products with different prices. Purpose of product categorization in Sainsburys. Critically evaluate and make out the upgrading which could be introduced into Sainsburys based on the price and quality. Scrutinize the past activities to identify the areas of failure of their products by price and quality. Personal Objectives My personal objectives are: To get aware from leading supermarkets marketing strategy for their range of products and boost my international marketing edge. Secondly to complete my subject and go further for my MBA degree. CHAPTER (3) Literature Review Promotion The retailers having more items and products meeting the customer needs and information called as full service retailers covering every phase of the market segment and Operating such type of retailer service not to be an easy job to be done. Due to the high cost of staffing, higher number of goods including the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and slower moving items. Therefore the resulting of towering cost of the business. Hence the promotion of the product of such type of retailer like Sainsburys is highly debatable so as to increase the sale and profit margin. The marketing promotion can not be neglected. In this phase of increase competition, adopting such strategies can easily make a difference. A retailers most important decision depends upon the target market. One has to define and profile the target market before taking any decision. The retailer especially like the Sainsburys emphasises on the product assortment and procurement to comply with the target market demand. Chal lenge of the product assortment leads to develop a product differentiation strategy which differentiates the seller or retailer or merchandiser from the competitors on behalf of product. Seven known possibilities of the product differentiation strategy are Exclusive national brand private branded merchandise Distinctive merchandise events Surprise merchandise New merchandise first Merchandize customizing service Highly targeting assortment Although Sainsburys does not fall in all of such category and has not still adopted but the strategies like private branded merchandize, newest merchandise and targeted assortment have effectively been adopted. Sainsbury can make a difference by product differentiation such as offer merchandise which has been successfully introduce by Harrodss of London which makes customer oriented/tailored suits and further clothe accessories. Such type of customer assistance increases the customer satisfaction as well as customer confidence. Retailers like Sainsbury Tesco, ASDA Morison are improving there efficiency by forecasting and merchandizing for stock control, space allocation and display. For ordering the goods, measuring the inventory and analyzing the sales. The supermarket chains have adopted there computers and scanners to manage there merchandize mix. Direct product profitability (DPP) is currently being used to measure the cost of the product in store from the point of arrival till a customer buys it. Low volume products have normally low handling and keeping cost as compare to the high volume products which have high handling cost and therefore are less profitable. Thus they are kept in a low volume normally. This strategy has been successfully by the Sainsburys by keeping the more number of groceries and a less number of home ware items therefore Sainsbury makes a profit margin from the FMCG products. (Philip Kotler, Millennium Ed ) Sainsbury supply chain The supply chain strategy of Sainsbury was lunched in autumn 2000. The supply chain strategy if Sainsbury is focused on managing all segments starting from logistics and distribution to the shelf of the store. The goal of the Sainsburys supply chain strategy in base on the following few principles: Paper less Stockless Simple Automatic Precise and accurate Sainsbury emphasize at improved performance via reducing the cost improving the accessibility and availability, minimum loss and maximum level of services. Development of such innovative processes is developing to provide most effective and efficient service with least cost, thus delivering the reduced cost and profit to the customer in aspect of price. Sainsburys replaced all of the warehouse management and data base management over a 3 year period time since year 2000. (www.sainsburys.co.uk) J Sainsbury chief executive Justin King announced the â€Å"Recovery to growth† at 14th may 2008. He said â€Å"†¦we have already celebrated our success in growing our sales by 2.5 billion pounds but today we confirmed that we have achieved all of the target we set ourselves in our three year recovery plan. Looking to the future: we now need to continue this success so that we can achieve our new three year target, which we set out last May, of an extra 3.5 billion pounds of sales by March 2011. this is the next part of our, `Making Sainsbury Great Again plan,` where we will be focusing on moving from recovery to growth. Its another challenging target but I am confident that we will achieve it. We will continue to concentrate on the things that have helped us succeeded so far- great service and great availability to drive great sales. We will also continue to carefully manage our costs, so we can increase our profit. Store development will also be big focus for us, with our half of our stores undergoing works and opening the hundred new convenience stores over the next three years. We will also be expanding our online operations to two hundred our stores.† By March 2008 Sainsbury achieved 2.7 billion extra sales over the original target of 2.5 billion. (The Telegraph, May 18th 2008) He also declared 45 million pound to be distributed as bonus among 118000 colleagues this June. It is very clear statement of Justin King that the key to success is the great service and great availability which proved Sainsburys great again. Great service includes the customer service after sale services and customer convenience in the stores. Where as great availability covers the availability all of the products at all time making successful the supply chain of the Sainsburys. The higher sales are result of supply improvement since 2005. Sainsburys has been focusing to improve the stock availabilities by resolving information technology issues and delivery problems which was affected by its bad supply chain earlier. In 2005 the sales increased 3.7 percent which latter on lifted up to 7.2 percent in late 2005. Justin King said â€Å"our major focus on availability in beginning to show results with both colleagues and customer noticing improvement in store†. Justin King alway s emphasizes on the availability in any aspect starting from improving themselves in terms of refurbishment and colleagues training. (www.bbc.co.uk) Supply Something New -Value and Quality For the very begging Sainsbury has been struggling to provide the customer satisfaction via quality and price. Sainsbury has adopted a number of strategies regarding the concern for example Taste The Difference, Be Good Your Self, Basic, Organic, special offers like Buy One Get One Free, Buy Four Cheapest Free, Multi buy Price Offer, Buy One Get One Half Price and many more. Sainsbury does not only keep the concern with the customer but with the supplier as well. Sainsbury launched its new plan regarding the innovation in retail industry by introducing the supply something new scheme. Scheme was offered from 21 SEP 2007 and is offered to all sized food supplier. Scheme encourages the suppliers to offer the best they can offer to be shelved in Sainsburys. Kellys of Cornwall, Danby Dale Pie Company, Jack Scaife Bacon and Honey Buns have been recently added on the list of Sainsburys products. The process is quick and reliable and takes only three months to complete. The successful appli cants are approached by the supply chain team to transport the product from producer to stores. The scheme has only been offered to small and medium size manufacturing companies so as to offer a minimal price to the end user depending upon the level of productivity of the producer for example cranberry, flap jack, and plain vanilla flap jack are offered at the price 2.59 pound and 3.39 pounds respectively. The scheme does not only reflects the innovative thought of the producer but the user himself because the scheme is valid for small and medium base firm only and it is only the buyer or journal customer/user who operates at such level. (http://www.supplysomethingnew.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=11) Sainsburys and Fare trade The fair trade label was first defined four decades ago in 1988 by Max Havelarr used for a coffee from Mexico. Basically fair trade is a strategy develops to minimize the poverty and growth for the developing and under developing countries. The fair trade was specially design for such formers who lake the access the world market possessing improved trade benefits. Sainsbury is the UK biggest fair trade retailer. The fair trade certify products are those which are bought from the marginalised small scale farmers and agricultural workers, keeping a non fixed minimum price that a buyer has to pay to the seller. It is the set price which covers the cost of the product. The fair trade price has the safety advantage to the farmers even if the price of the product falls below the market level. On the other hand if the market price higher then the fair trade prices the buyer has to pay the market price. Through this fair trade the buyers and sellers sign the long term trading relationship fo r a specific predefine grades of produce. The fair trade law tells the end user advantage of the usage of the product and helps in effective promotion and identification of deserving quality products. Sales of Fair-trade certified products in the UK Estimated UK retail sales by value 1998-2007 ( £ million) Estimated percentage increases from 2006-2007 Total sales: 127% increase by volume and 72% by estimated retail value Total coffee: 33% increase by volume and 24% by estimated retail value Total tea: 21% increase by volume and 24% by estimated retail value Wine: 47% increase by volume and 51% by estimated retail value Flowers: 71% increase by volume and 72% by estimated retail value Cotton: 1,655% increase by volume and 658% by estimated retail value The volume of the fair trade products has been doubled between year 2006 and 2007. according to the data, consumers spent 1.1 billion pounds on fair trade products in 2006. As an average Sainsburys sales around 10,00,000 fare trade bananas. Justin King said, â€Å"by working together on this scale, the new fund will help to dramatically extend the benefits fare trade create to more farmers and worker in new areas, which have previously note been fait trade accredited†. Sainsbury has a land mark to converte all of his bananas to fair trade in July 2007. According to the s Sainsburys sells 1000 bananas a minute, 150 thousand a week and 700 million bananas a year and all of the bananas are fair trade. The sale of bananas have been increased by 5 percent (approximately 35 million bananas) since the Sainsburys has jumped to 100 percent fare trade bananas.